为您找到与英语即兴演讲范文三篇 即兴演讲结尾相关的共200个结果:
即兴演讲的准备时间短,更多的时候的边说边想,同时还要在关中的注目下应对专家和评委的提问。所有这些都造成了参加英语演讲比赛的选手们的紧张情绪,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些英语演讲比赛即兴演讲的心理调节的方法,希望对大家有所帮助。
在做好了比赛前的充分准备之后,参赛选手如何在有限的1分钟或3分钟内克服紧张情绪,充分展示自己的实力。
(一)赛前放松
准备参赛选手在台下准备的时候可以跟其他参赛选手聊天,也可以听听自己喜欢的歌曲,分散注意力;或者深呼吸,从一数到十,并心中默念“放松”;或者做眼保健操,放松面部肌肉,也可以做颈部、肩部和腰部的伸展运动,放松身体。但是做运动的时候注意动作的力度不宜过度,不要造成身体的疲劳。
(二)注意与评委和观众的眼神交流
由于在演讲过程中,参赛选手非常紧张。因此,在专注于思考如何回答问题的同时,可能他们的眼神会不由自主地落在地面某一点或者左顾右盼,这一点应该在平时的训练中加以锻炼。眼神的交流非常重要,因为眼神的交流有四大作用: 一是表示对听众的尊重; 二是吸引听众的注意力;三是维持听众对讲话人或内容的信心;四是获取听众的反馈和反应(林超伦)。所以,参赛选手可以采用模糊焦点的方法,就是盯着评委桌子上的杯子或者名牌,造成与评委进行眼神交流的假象,用这样的方法来减轻自己的紧张情绪。
(三)注意语速和节奏
由于紧张,参赛选手的说话速度可能比平时要快。这样的结果一方面是使自己更加紧张,另一方面可能会影响发音的准确性,令评委和观众听不清参赛选手所讲的内容,而造成误解。所以如果感觉自己的语速有点快,可以适当加一些语气词,如“well”,“and”,“uh”,“en”,“yousee”,“youknow”等词,在这个过程中深呼吸,也可以利用这个时间来思索如何继续演讲。
(四)空档的处理方法
如果在即兴演讲中,突然忘词,或者说错了,或者突然没有更多的内容要说,而这时还有时间,参赛选手这个时候是最紧张的。选手们在这时不用说“sorry”,因为不用为此来道歉,并且,如果说了“sorry”反而会加深听众的印象,知道你在这个地方出现了失误。所以处理这种情况的方法也可以参照上文中的建议,采用一些语气词,来缓解自己的压力,并且迅速寻找合理的语句来继续下面的演讲。
(五)培养不受干扰的能力
在英语演讲比赛中,计时员通常会在临近演讲结束前1分钟或者30秒举牌或者响铃来提醒演讲者,这对参赛选手们来说是一种很大的干扰。所以在看到提示或听到提示音的时候,参赛选手可以点头或者说“yes”,“well”等语气词来缓解压力。在平时的训练中,也可适当加入计时提醒,使演讲者逐渐适应演讲规则,提高抗压能力和心理素质。
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通过英语演讲能让我们突破自己的口语障碍,敢于通过英语将自己的思想说出去,达到灵活运用英语的目的,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些初中生英语即兴演讲范文,希望对大家有所帮助。
A man who lived in a block of apartments thought it was raining and put his head out the window to check. As he did so a glass eye fell into his hand.
He looked up to see where it came from in time to see a young woman looking down.
"Is this yours?" he asked.liuxue86.com
She said, "Yes, could you bring it up?" and the man agreed.
On arrival she was profuse in her thanks and offered the man a drink. As she was very attractive he agreed. Shortly afterwards she said, "I'm about to have dinner. There's plenty. Would you like to join me?"
He readily accepted her offer and both enjoyed a lovely meal. As the evening was drawing to a close the lady said, "I've had a marvelous evening. Would you like to stay the night?"
The man hesitated then said, "Do you act like this with every man you meet?"
"No," she replied, "Only those who catch my eye."
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即兴演讲就是在特定的情境和主体的诱发下,自发或被要求立即进行的当众说话,是一种不凭借文稿来表情达意的口语交际活动。今天读文网小编给大家分享一些3分钟即兴英语演讲范文,希望对大家有所帮助。
Today I am very glad to be here to share with you my ideas of success. What is success? It is what everyone is longing for.Sometimes success would be rather simple. Winning a game is success; getting a high grade in the exam is success; making a new friend is success; even now I am standing here giving my speech is somehow also success.
However, as a person’s whole life is concerned, success becomes very
complicated. Is fortune success? Is fame success? Is high social status success? No, I don’t think so. I believe success is the realization of people’
s hopes and ideals.Nowadays, in the modern society there are many people
who are regarded as the successful. And the most obvious characteristics of hem are money, high position and luxurious life. So most people believe that s success and all that they do is for this purpose. But the problem is wether it is real success. We all know there are always more money, higher position and better condition in front of us. If we keep chasing them, where is the end? What will satisfy us at last? Therefore, we can see, to get the real Success we must need something inside, which is the realization of
people’ hopes and ideals.
Different people have different ideas about success; cause people’s hopes and ideas vary from one another. But I am sure every success is dear to everybody, cause it is not easy to come by, cause in the process of our striving for success, we got both our body and soul tempted, meanwhile we are enlightened by the most valuable qualities of human beings: love, patient, courage and sense of responsibility. These are the best treasures. So now I am very proud that I have this opportunity to stand here speaking to all of you. It is my success, cause I raise up to challenge my hope.
What is success? Everyone has his own interpretation as I do. But I am sure
every success leads to an ever-brighter future. So ladies and gentlemen, believe in our hopes, believe in ourselves, we, every one of us, can make a
successful life!
Wish you all good success!
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即兴演讲者事先并没有做任何准备,而是随想随说,有感而发。今天读文网小编给大家分享一些3分钟英语即兴演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
Ladies and gentlemen, boys and girls,
I am Chinese. I am proud of being a Chinese with five thousand years of civilization behind. I've learned about the four great inventions made by our forefathers. I've learned about the Great Wall and the Yangtze River. I've learned about Zhang Heng(张衡)and I've learned about Zheng He(郑和).Who says the Yellow River Civilization has vanished(消失)?I know that my ancestors have made miracles(奇迹)on this fertile land and we're still making miracles. Who can ignore the fact that we have established ourselves as a great state in the world, that we have devised our own nuclear weapons, that we have successfully sent our satellites into space, and that our GNP ranks No. 7 in the world? We have experienced the plunders (掠夺) by other nations, and we have experienced the war. Yet, based on such ruins, there still stands our nation——China, unyielding and unconquerable!
I once came across an American tourist. She said, “China has a history of five thousand years, but the US only has a history of 200 years. Five thousand years ago, China took the lead in the world, and now it is the US that is leading.”My heart was deeply touched by these words. It is true that we're still a developing nation, but it doesn't mean that we can despise (鄙视) ourselves. We have such a long-standing history, we have such abundant resources, we have such intelligent and diligent people, and we have enough to be proud of. We have reasons to say proudly: we are sure to take the lead in the world in the future again, for our problems are big, but our ambition (雄心) is even bigger, our challenges (挑战) are great, but our will is even greater.
I am Chinese. I have inherited (继承) black hair and black eyes. I have inherited the virtues of my ancestors. I have also taken over responsibility. I am sure, that wherever I go, whatever I do, I shall never forget that I am Chinese!
Thank you.
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英语是世界上最广泛的第二语言,也是欧盟的,最多国际组织和英联邦国家的官方语言,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些初中生英语即兴演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen, I’m very glad to make a speech here. Today my topic is “I love you, China.”
Since the day I was born, I began to have a proud name—Chinese. Since the day I began to talk, the most beautiful sentence I’ve ever learnt has been “I love you, China!”
I love you, China, and I’m so proud of being a Chinese. I’m proud that I’ve got the beautiful yellow skin, black eyes and black hair. I’m also proud that I speak the most beautiful language in the world—Chinese.
I love you, China, for I can feel the deep love you give me every day, every minute. Last year, I got an opportunity to visit the United States of America. During my staying there, my father’s boss once invited my family to dinner. While at , he looked at me and asked: “Little boy, how long have you been in America?” “About a month,” I answered, “How lucky you are!” he said, “If you were living in China, how could you learn such perfect English?” I smiled and told him proudly that all the students in China are able to learn English at school. I saw his surprised eyes and said to myself, “I’m proud of you, China ”
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英语是当今世界上主要的国际通用语言这一,也是世界上使用最广泛的语言,是一种重要的交际工具,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些教师英语即兴演讲范文,希望对大家有所帮助。
Today the topic of my impromtu speech is that when it is dark enough, you can see the stars. I can’t agree with this saying more. In my opinion, Darkness is about the frustrations. “enough” is about the effort and the “stars” are the hopes, dreams or success. So this saying teaches me three things: making my objective and direction clear, being prepared for wrestling with frustrations and difficulties and importantly, keeping in faith. So, I have three points to support my opinion.
First, we should make our objective and direction clear before we set out. We can’t see the stars during the day time. Is it because that there are no stars here? Of cause not. The stars are over there in the sky all the time. We can’t see them because they are hidden behind the sunlignt. So, we shouldnot waste our time. Rather, we should turn to the night to find our stars. So before we set out for our dreams. It’s very important to know what exactly we want and which direction to go to find it.
Second, we should be prepared for wresting with frustrations and difficulties. We can’t expect that the way to our objective are smooth and easy. In the darkness, we may feel cold, lonely and be afraid of some unexpected frustrations, just as on the way to our dreams and success. But, only in darkness could we see the stars. Similarly, only by experiencing harships and setbacks can we be clear about our goals and objectives. So, we should be not afraid of the difficulties we have to experience. Rather, we should hold a positive attitude to fully prepared for them.
The last but not the least point is that we should keep in faith and don’t give up. Sometime we may feel disappointed after having been working hard for such a long time but still can’t reach our dreams. But, we shouldn’t give up and instead we should just keep in faith. May be our efforts are not enough. We need to work hard and keep waiting for a little bit longer, and we will see the hope soon.
To conclude, if we choose the stars, we should be aware that we choose the darkness, too. if we want to enjoy the stars, make every efforts we can to defeat our fear to the darkness and keep in faith on ourselves. In the end, we will surly see our own stars.
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大学生都是备受关注的一群,大学生就业率被视为社会稳定的一个因素,宽松的学习环境令大学生有非常多课余的时间,可利用这些时间参加其他活动。今天读文网小编给大家分享一些大学生的英语即兴演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
My dear Mr. and Misses, my fellows schoolmates,
Good morning! As you know and see, it is a sunny bump harvest season. In the city, in our school campus, everywhere is surrounded with roses which we together planted 4 years ago. Today may these roses and our friendship as well be together and comfort our excited hearts!
It was four years ago that everyone of us came from every part of China and formed a new collective. As we are young, it’s very easy for us to communicate. It was in the past four years that we were ambitious. It was in the past four years that we worried. It was in the past four years that we were content. It was in the past four years that we were vexed. It was in the past four years that we were friendly and lonely ... and it was in the past fours that we studied, lived and respected each other with genuine and with our ambitions. Nothing in the world is more significant than we miss all of these.
We miss you─teachers who are tireless in teaching; we will keep your gestures and your white hairs in our hearts deeply; we will miss the quietness with the lights at night in the classroom; we will miss the race and exercise on the playground; we will miss even the crowds in the dining hall and the quarrel on the beds; we will still miss every green piece and every piece of waste paper flying like flakes in the air ... However, today we will leave nothing but the first rose with our Alma Mater and our teachers which is entrusted with our love and respect.
4 years seems very long but 4 years seems very short. From now on, we all will go into the society. The society is broad and wide for us. We will shoulder heavy responsibilities; we will work diligently; and we will expect to be informed of good news from one another. Now, I beg you all to cherish the occasion; to remember the names, the status, appearance and the character of the person around you. Now let’s be hand in hand together; let’s present the rose to each other. May the rose carry our appreciation and blessing! We are very closely linked no matter what the world may be. May the fresh rose in our hands keep its fragrants!
Thank you all again!
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即兴演讲,就是在特定的情境和主体的诱发下,自发或被要求立即进行的当众说话,是一种不凭借文稿来表情达意的口语交际活动。今天读文网小编给大家分享一些小学生英语即兴演讲稿,希望对大家有所帮助。
hello! everyone. i’m tang jingting. i’ am eleven years old. i’m from experiment primary school. i’m in class 1,grade 5, . nice to meet you.
i’m a happy girl. there are three members in my family: my father, my mother and i. both of my parents love me very much and i love them too.
i have many hobbies, such as sports, singing and reading books. and i play the piano very well. but i love animals most. now i will tell you about my favorite animal. today my topic is my favorite animal.
my favorite animal
do you know what my favorite animal is? it is one of the most precious animals. their bodies are very long. they live in the sea. they live on fish, shrimps and so on.
they are very clever. people often train them,so that they can give it show which brings people a lot of happiness and joy.
they are very friendly and peaceful. they never attack people. instead, they have saved many people in danger in the past years. how helpful they are!
can you guess its name now? yes, you are right. they are dolphins.
however, unluckily, the number of dolphins is getting smaller and smaller. because of water pollution, there is less and less space for dolphins. many people make money by hunting dolphins. if we don’t protect them,maybe we’ll lose our good friends one day. as a student, i hope more and more people should protect dolphins.
i love dolphins very much. and i hope dolphins are our good friends for ever. i hope they can live in the blue sea happily and peacefully. let’s protect the animals together. let’s take actions.
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英语即兴演讲是训练我们英语的口头表达能力,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些3分钟即兴英语的演讲范文,希望对大家有所帮助。
题目:Should parents set limits in internet access for their teenage children? Why?
Internet is dangerous if a child has unlimited freedom to use it. Because teenagers are too weak to resist the great tempt. Various online games will cost their almost all-day time. And many kinds of online movies may teach them unhealthy content such as violence. Also, long-time exposure to computer will do great harm to teenager's eyesight. A child addicted to Internet will neglect his study completely. However, the word limit does not mean forbidding. It can't be denied that internet is a very useful tool for learning. In this information age, computer and internet is essential. Adequate access to internet will contribute to teenagers keeping pace with this world. Also, internet is a fine entertainment for students who have study longtime and get tired. So, I think parents should set limits on but not forbid access for their teenager children.
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英语是世界上使用人数第二多的语言,却是最普遍通用的语言,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些英语即兴演讲范文,希望对大家有所帮助。
Today the topic of my impromtu speech is that when it is dark enough, you can see the stars. I can’t agree with this saying more. In my opinion, Darkness is about the frustrations. “enough” is about the effort and the “stars” are the hopes, dreams or success. So this saying teaches me three things: making my objective and direction clear, being prepared for wrestling with frustrations and difficulties and importantly, keeping in faith. So, I have three points to support my opinion.
First, we should make our objective and direction clear before we set out. We can’t see the stars during the day time. Is it because that there are no stars here? Of cause not. The stars are over there in the sky all the time. We can’t see them because they are hidden behind the sunlignt. So, we shouldnot waste our time. Rather, we should turn to the night to find our stars. So before we set out for our dreams. It’s very important to know what exactly we want and which direction to go to find it.
Second, we should be prepared for wresting with frustrations and difficulties. We can’t expect that the way to our objective are smooth and easy. In the darkness, we may feel cold, lonely and be afraid of some unexpected frustrations, just as on the way to our dreams and success. But, only in darkness could we see the stars. Similarly, only by experiencing harships and setbacks can we be clear about our goals and objectives. So, we should be not afraid of the difficulties we have to experience. Rather, we should hold a positive attitude to fully prepared for them.
The last but not the least point is that we should keep in faith and don’t give up. Sometime we may feel disappointed after having been working hard for such a long time but still can’t reach our dreams. But, we shouldn’t give up and instead we should just keep in faith. May be our efforts are not enough. We need to work hard and keep waiting for a little bit longer, and we will see the hope soon.
To conclude, if we choose the stars, we should be aware that we choose the darkness, too. if we want to enjoy the stars, make every efforts we can to defeat our fear to the darkness and keep in faith on ourselves. In the end, we will surly see our own stars.
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即兴演讲,就是在特定的情境和主体的诱发下,自发或被要求立即进行的当众说话,是一种不凭借文稿来表情达意的口语交际活动,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些语即兴演讲技巧,希望对大家有所帮助。
即兴演讲多是在一种激动的场合下进行的,没有人乐意听长篇讲话,因此必须短小精悍。短小,指篇幅而言;精悍,指内容而言。即兴演讲不能象命题演讲那样讲究布局谋篇,但也要结构合理,详略得当,要有快节奏风格和一气呵成的气势,切忌颠三倒四,离题万里,拖泥带水,重复拉杂。
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一篇好的演讲文,恰当的开头是必不可少的,好的开头才能吸引人们有兴趣听下去,结尾跟开头一样,引领人们回味,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些英语演讲经典开头结尾,希望对大家有所帮助。
1. Oklahoma Bombing Memorial Prayer Service Address
William Jefferson Clinton
S: Thank you very much, Governor Keating and Mrs. Keating, Reverend Graham, to the families of those who have been lost and wounded, to the people of Oklahoma City, who have endured so much, and the people of this wonderful state, to all of you who are here as our fellow Americans.
E: My fellow Americans, a tree takes a long time to grow, and wounds take a long time to heal. But we must begin. Those who are lost now belong to God. Some day we will be with them. But until that happens, their legacy must be our lives. Thank you all, and God bless you. 2. Remarks at the Brandenburg Gate
Ronald Reagan
S: Chancellor Kohl, Governing Mayor Diepgen, ladies and gentlemen: Twenty four years ago, President John F. Kennedy visited Berlin, and speaking to the people of this city and the world at the city hall. Well since then two other presidents have come, each in his turn to Berlin. And today, I, myself, make my second visit to your city.
We come to Berlin, we American Presidents, because it's our duty to speak in this place of freedom. But I must confess, we’re drawn here by other things as well; by the feeling of history in this city -- more than 500 years older than our own nation; by the beauty of the Grunewald and the Tiergarten; most of all, by your courage and determination. Perhaps the composer, Paul Linke, understood something about American Presidents. You see, like so many Presidents before me, I come here today because wherever I go, whatever I do: “Ich hab noch einen Koffer in Berlin” [I still have a suitcase in Berlin.]
E: In the 1950s -- In the 1950s Khrushchev predicted: "We will bury you." 3. Address on Taking the Oath of the U.S. Presidency
Gerald R. Ford
S: Mr. Chief Justice, my dear friends, my fellow Americans:
The oath that I have taken is the same oath that was taken by George Washington and by every President under the Constitution. But I assume the Presidency under extraordinary circumstances never before experienced by Americans. This is an hour of history that troubles our minds and hurts our hearts.
E: With all the strength and all the good sense I have gained from life, with all the confidence of my family, my friends, and my dedicated staff impart to me, and with the good will of countless Americans I have encountered in recent visits to 40 States, I now solemnly reaffirm my promise I made to you last December 6: To uphold the Constitution; to do what is right as God gives me to see the right; and to do the very best I can for America.
God helping me, I will not let you down. Thank you.
4. Energy and the National Goals - A Crisis of Confidence
Jimmy Carter
S: This a special night for me. Exactly three years ago, on July 15, 1976, I accepted the nomination of my party to run for President of the United States. I promised you a President who is not isolated from the people, who feels your pain, and who shares your dreams, and who draws his strength and his wisdom from you.
E: In closing, let me say this: I will do my best, but I will not do it alone. Let your voice be heard. Whenever you have a chance, say something good about our country. With God’s help and for the sake of our nation, it is time for us to join hands in America. Let us commit ourselves together to a rebirth of the American spirit. Working together with our common faith we cannot fail.
Thank you and good night.
5. On Vietnam and Not Seeking Reelection
Lyndon Baines Johnson
S: Good evening, my fellow Americans:
Tonight I want to speak to you of peace in Vietnam and Southeast Asia. No other question so preoccupies our people. No other dream so absorbs the 250 million human beings who live in that part of the world. No other goal motivates American policy in Southeast Asia.
E: Accordingly, I shall not seek, and I will not accept, the nomination of my party for another term as your President. But let men everywhere know, however, that a strong and a confident and a vigilant America stands ready tonight to seek an honorable peace; and stands ready tonight to defend an honored cause, whatever the price, whatever the burden, whatever the sacrifice that duty may require.
Thank you for listening. Good night and God bless all of you. 6. Cambodian Incursion Address
Richard M. Nixon
S: Good evening, my fellow Americans. Ten days ago, in my report to the nation on Vietnam, I announced the decision to withdraw an additional 150,000 Americans from Vietnam over the next year. I said then that I was making that decision despite our concern over increased enemy activity in Laos, in Cambodia, and in South Vietnam. And at that time I warned that if I concluded that increased enemy activity in any of these areas endangered the lives of Americans remaining in Vietnam, I would not hesitate to take strong and effective measures to deal with that situation. Despite that warning, North Vietnam has increased its military aggression in all these areas, and particularly in Cambodia.
E: The possibility of winning a just peace in Vietnam and in the Pacific is at stake.It is customary to conclude a speech from the White House by asking support for the President of the United States. Tonight, I depart from that precedent. What I ask is far more important. I ask for your support for our brave men fighting tonight halfway around the world, not for territory, not for glory, but so that their younger brothers and their sons and your sons can have a chance to grow up in a world of peace, and freedom, and justice. Thank you, and good night.
7. Opening Statement to the Senate Judiciary Committee
Anita Hill
S: My name is Anita F. Hill, and I am a professor of law at the University of Oklahoma. I was born on a farm in Okmulgee County, Oklahoma, in 1956. I am the youngest of 13 children. I had my early education in Okmulgee County. My father, Albert Hill, is a farmer in that area. My mother's name is Irma Hill. She is also a farmer and a housewife.
E: It would have been more comfortable to remain silent. It took no initiative to inform anyone -- I took no initiative to inform anyone. But when I was asked by a representative of this committee to report my experience, I felt that I had to tell the truth. I could not keep silent.
8. Television and the Public Interest
Newton N. Minow
S: Governor Collins, distinguished guests, ladies and gentlemen. Governor Collins you're much too kind, as all of you have been to me the last few days. It's been a great pleasure and an honor for me to meet so many of you. And I want to thank you for this opportunity to meet with you today.
E: I urge you, I urge you to put the people's airwaves to the service of the people and the cause of freedom. You must help prepare a generation for great decisions. You must help a great nation fulfill its future.
Do this! I pledge you our help. Thank you. 9. Black Power
Stokely Carmichael
S: Thank you very much. It’s a privilege and an honor to be in the white intellectual ghetto of the West. We wanted to do a couple of things before we started. The first is that, based on the fact that SNCC, through the articulation of its program by its chairman, has been able to win elections in Georgia, Alabama, Maryland, and by our appearance here will win an election in California, in 1968 I'm going to run for President of the United States. I just can't make it, 'cause I wasn't born in the United States. That's the only thing holding me back.
E: And then, therefore, in a larger sense there's the question of black people. We are on the move for our liberation. We have been tired of trying to prove things to white people. We are tired of trying to explain to white people that we’re not going to hurt them. We are concerned with getting the things we want, the things that we have to have to be able to function. The question is, Can white people allow for that in this country? The question is, Will white people overcome their racism and allow for that to happen in this country? If that does not happen, brothers and sisters, we have no choice but to say very clearly, "Move over, or we’re going to move on over you." Thank you.
10. Vice Presidential Nomination Acceptance Address
Geraldine Ferraro
S: Ladies and gentlemen of the convention:
My name is Geraldine Ferraro. I stand before you to proclaim tonight: America is the land where dreams can come true for all of us. As I stand before the American people and think of the honor this great convention has bestowed upon me, I recall the words of Dr. Martin Luther King Jr., who made America stronger by making America more free. He said, "Occasionally in life there are moments which cannot be completely explained by words. Their meaning can only be articulated by the inaudible language of the heart." Tonight is such a moment for me. E: To all the children of America, I say: The generation before ours kept faith with us, and like them, we will pass on to you a stronger, more just America. Thank you.
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在19至20世纪的,英国和美国在文化、经济、军事、政治和科学在世界上的领先地位使得英语成为一种国际语言,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些英语经典演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
Mr. President, Mr. Speaker, members of the 77th Congress:
I address you, the members of this new Congress, at a moment unprecedented in the history of the union. I use the word “unprecedented” because at no previous time has American security been as seriously threatened from without as it is today.
Since the permanent formation of our government under the Constitution in 1789, most of the periods of crisis in our history have related to our domestic affairs. And, fortunately, only one of these -- the four-year war between the States -- ever threatened our national unity. Today, thank God, 130,000,000 Americans in 48 States have forgotten points of the compass in our national unity.
It is true that prior to 1914 the United States often has been disturbed by events in other continents. We have even engaged in two wars with European nations and in a number of undeclared wars in the West Indies, in the Mediterranean and in the Pacific, for the maintenance of American rights and for the principles of peaceful commerce. But in no case had a serious threat been raised against our national safety or our continued independence.
What I seek to convey is the historic truth that the United States as a nation has at all times maintained opposition -- clear, definite opposition -- to any attempt to lock us in behind an ancient Chinese wall while the procession of civilization went past. Today, thinking of our children and of their children, we oppose enforced isolation for ourselves or for any other part of the Americas.
That determination of ours, extending over all these years, was proved, for example, in the early days during the quarter century of wars following the French Revolution. While the Napoleonic struggles did threaten interests of the United States because of the French foothold in the West Indies and in Louisiana, and while we engaged in the War of 1812 to vindicate our right to peaceful trade, it is nevertheless clear that neither France nor Great Britain nor any other nation was aiming at domination of the whole world.
And in like fashion, from 1815 to 1914 -- ninety-nine years -- no single war in Europe or in Asia constituted a real threat against our future or against the future of any other American nation.
Except in the Maximilian interlude in Mexico, no foreign power sought to establish itself in this hemisphere. And the strength of the British fleet in the Atlantic has been a friendly strength; it is still a friendly strength.
Even when the World War broke out in 1914, it seemed to contain only small threat of danger to our own American future. But as time went on, as we remember, the American people began to visualize what the downfall of democratic nations might mean to our own democracy.
We need not overemphasize imperfections in the peace of Versailles. We need not harp on failure of the democracies to deal with problems of world reconstruction. We should remember that the peace of 1919 was far less unjust than the kind of pacification which began even before Munich, and which is being carried on under the new order of tyranny that seeks to spread over every continent today. The American people have unalterably set their faces against that tyranny.
I suppose that every realist knows that the democratic way of life is at this moment being directly assailed in every part of the world -- assailed either by arms or by secret spreading of poisonous propaganda by those who seek to destroy unity and promote discord in nations that are still at peace. During 16 long months this assault has blotted out the whole pattern of democratic life in an appalling number of independent nations, great and small. And the assailants are still on the march, threatening other nations, great and small.
Therefore, as your President, performing my constitutional duty to "give to the Congress information of the state of the union," I find it unhappily necessary to report that the future and the safety of our country and of our democracy are overwhelmingly involved in events far beyond our borders.
Armed defense of democratic existence is now being gallantly waged in four continents. If that defense fails, all the population and all the resources of Europe and Asia, and Africa and Austral-Asia will be dominated by conquerors. And let us remember that the total of those populations in those four continents, the total of those populations and their resources greatly exceed the sum total of the population and the resources of the whole of the Western Hemisphere -- yes, many times over.
In times like these it is immature -- and, incidentally, untrue -- for anybody to brag that an unprepared America, single-handed and with one hand tied behind its back, can hold off the whole world.
No realistic American can expect from a dictator’s peace international generosity, or return of true independence, or world disarmament, or freedom of expression, or freedom of religion -- or even good business. Such a peace would bring no security for us or for our neighbors. Those who would give up essential liberty to purchase a little temporary safety deserve neither liberty nor safety.
As a nation we may take pride in the fact that we are soft-hearted; but we cannot afford to be soft-headed. We must always be wary of those who with sounding brass and a tinkling cymbal preach the "ism" of appeasement. We must especially beware of that small group of selfish men who would clip the wings of the American eagle in order to feather their own nests.
I have recently pointed out how quickly the tempo of modern warfare could bring into our very midst the physical attack which we must eventually expect if the dictator nations win this war.
There is much loose talk of our immunity from immediate and direct invasion from across the seas. Obviously, as long as the British Navy retains its power, no such danger exists. Even if there were no British Navy, it is not probable that any enemy would be stupid enough to attack us by landing troops in the United States from across thousands of miles of ocean, until it had acquired strategic bases from which to operate.
But we learn much from the lessons of the past years in Europe -- particularly the lesson of Norway, whose essential seaports were captured by treachery and surprise built up over a series of years. The first phase of the invasion of this hemisphere would not be the landing of regular troops. The necessary strategic points would be occupied by secret agents and by their dupes -- and great numbers of them are already here and in Latin America. As long as the aggressor nations maintain the offensive they, not we, will choose the time and the place and the method of their attack.
And that is why the future of all the American Republics is today in serious danger. That is why this annual message to the Congress is unique in our history. That is why every member of the executive branch of the government and every member of the Congress face great responsibility, great accountability. The need of the moment is that our actions and our policy should be devoted primarily -- almost exclusively -- to meeting this foreign peril. For all our domestic problems are now a part of the great emergency.
Just as our national policy in internal affairs has been based upon a decent respect for the rights and the dignity of all our fellow men within our gates, so our national policy in foreign affairs has been based on a decent respect for the rights and the dignity of all nations, large and small. And the justice of morality must and will win in the end.
Our national policy is this:
First, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to all-inclusive national defense.
Secondly, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to full support of all those resolute people everywhere who are resisting aggression and are thereby keeping war away from our hemisphere. By this support we express our determination that the democratic cause shall prevail, and we strengthen the defense and the security of our own nation.
Third, by an impressive expression of the public will and without regard to partisanship, we are committed to the proposition that principles of morality and considerations for our own security will never permit us to acquiesce in a peace dictated by aggressors and sponsored by appeasers. We know that enduring peace cannot be bought at the cost of other people's freedom.
In the recent national election there was no substantial difference between the two great parties in respect to that national policy. No issue was fought out on this line before the American electorate. And today it is abundantly evident that American citizens everywhere are demanding and supporting speedy and complete action in recognition of obvious danger.
Therefore, the immediate need is a swift and driving increase in our armament production. Leaders of industry and labor have responded to our summons. Goals of speed have been set. In some cases these goals are being reached ahead of time. In some cases we are on schedule; in other cases there are slight but not serious delays. And in some cases -- and, I am sorry to say, very important cases -- we are all concerned by the slowness of the accomplishment of our plans.
The Army and Navy, however, have made substantial progress during the past year. Actual experience is improving and speeding up our methods of production with every passing day. And today's best is not good enough for tomorrow.
I am not satisfied with the progress thus far made. The men in charge of the program represent the best in training, in ability, and in patriotism. They are not satisfied with the progress thus far made. None of us will be satisfied until the job is done.
No matter whether the original goal was set too high or too low, our objective is quicker and better results.
To give you two illustrations:
We are behind schedule in turning out finished airplanes. We are working day and night to solve the innumerable problems and to catch up.
We are ahead of schedule in building warships, but we are working to get even further ahead of that schedule.
To change a whole nation from a basis of peacetime production of implements of peace to a basis of wartime production of implements of war is no small task. And the greatest difficulty comes at the beginning of the program, when new tools, new plant facilities, new assembly lines, new shipways must first be constructed before the actual material begins to flow steadily and speedily from them.
The Congress of course, must rightly keep itself informed at all times of the progress of the program. However, there is certain information, as the Congress itself will readily recognize, which, in the interests of our own security and those of the nations that we are supporting, must of needs be kept in confidence.
New circumstances are constantly begetting new needs for our safety. I shall ask this Congress for greatly increased new appropriations and authorizations to carry on what we have begun.
I also ask this Congress for authority and for funds sufficient to manufacture additional munitions and war supplies of many kinds, to be turned over to those nations which are now in actual war with aggressor nations. Our most useful and immediate role is to act as an arsenal for them as well as for ourselves. They do not need manpower, but they do need billions of dollars’ worth of the weapons of defense.
The time is near when they will not be able to pay for them all in ready cash. We cannot, and we will not, tell them that they must surrender merely because of present inability to pay for the weapons which we know they must have.
I do not recommend that we make them a loan of dollars with which to pay for these weapons -- a loan to be repaid in dollars. I recommend that we make it possible for those nations to continue to obtain war materials in the United States, fitting their orders into our own program. And nearly all of their material would, if the time ever came, be useful in our own defense.
Taking counsel of expert military and naval authorities, considering what is best for our own security, we are free to decide how much should be kept here and how much should be sent abroad to our friends who, by their determined and heroic resistance, are giving us time in which to make ready our own defense.
For what we send abroad we shall be repaid, repaid within a reasonable time following the close of hostilities, repaid in similar materials, or at our option in other goods of many kinds which they can produce and which we need.
Let us say to the democracies: "We Americans are vitally concerned in your defense of freedom. We are putting forth our energies, our resources, and our organizing powers to give you the strength to regain and maintain a free world. We shall send you in ever-increasing numbers, ships, planes, tanks, guns. That is our purpose and our pledge."
In fulfillment of this purpose we will not be intimidated by the threats of dictators that they will regard as a breach of international law or as an act of war our aid to the democracies which dare to resist their aggression. Such aid -- Such aid is not an act of war, even if a dictator should unilaterally proclaim it so to be.
And when the dictators -- if the dictators -- are ready to make war upon us, they will not wait for an act of war on our part.
They did not wait for Norway or Belgium or the Netherlands to commit an act of war. Their only interest is in a new one-way international law, which lacks mutuality in its observance and therefore becomes an instrument of oppression. The happiness of future generations of Americans may well depend on how effective and how immediate we can make our aid felt. No one can tell the exact character of the emergency situations that we may be called upon to meet. The nation's hands must not be tied when the nation's life is in danger.
Yes, and we must prepare, all of us prepare, to make the sacrifices that the emergency -- almost as serious as war itself -- demands. Whatever stands in the way of speed and efficiency in defense, in defense preparations of any kind, must give way to the national need.
A free nation has the right to expect full cooperation from all groups. A free nation has the right to look to the leaders of business, of labor, and of agriculture to take the lead in stimulating effort, not among other groups but within their own group.
The best way of dealing with the few slackers or trouble-makers in our midst is, first, to shame them by patriotic example, and if that fails, to use the sovereignty of government to save government.
As men do not live by bread alone, they do not fight by armaments alone. Those who man our defenses and those behind them who build our defenses must have the stamina and the courage which come from unshakable belief in the manner of life which they are defending. The mighty action that we are calling for cannot be based on a disregard of all the things worth fighting for.
The nation takes great satisfaction and much strength from the things which have been done to make its people conscious of their individual stake in the preservation of democratic life in America. Those things have toughened the fiber of our people, have renewed their faith and strengthened their devotion to the institutions we make ready to protect.
Certainly this is no time for any of us to stop thinking about the social and economic problems which are the root cause of the social revolution which is today a supreme factor in the world. For there is nothing mysterious about the foundations of a healthy and strong democracy.
The basic things expected by our people of their political and economic systems are simple. They are:
Equality of opportunity for youth and for others.
Jobs for those who can work.
Security for those who need it.
The ending of special privilege for the few.
The preservation of civil liberties for all.
The enjoyment -- The enjoyment of the fruits of scientific progress in a wider and constantly rising standard of living.
These are the simple, the basic things that must never be lost sight of in the turmoil and unbelievable complexity of our modern world. The inner and abiding strength of our economic and political systems is dependent upon the degree to which they fulfill these expectations.
Many subjects connected with our social economy call for immediate improvement. As examples:
We should bring more citizens under the coverage of old-age pensions and unemployment insurance.
We should widen the opportunities for adequate medical care.
We should plan a better system by which persons deserving or needing gainful employment may obtain it.
I have called for personal sacrifice, and I am assured of the willingness of almost all Americans to respond to that call. A part of the sacrifice means the payment of more money in taxes. In my budget message I will recommend that a greater portion of this great defense program be paid for from taxation than we are paying for today. No person should try, or be allowed to get rich out of the program, and the principle of tax payments in accordance with ability to pay should be constantly before our eyes to guide our legislation.
If the Congress maintains these principles the voters, putting patriotism ahead pocketbooks, will give you their applause.
In the future days, which we seek to make secure, we look forward to a world founded upon four essential human freedoms.
The first is freedom of speech and expression -- everywhere in the world.
The second is freedom of every person to worship God in his own way -- everywhere in the world.
The third is freedom from want, which, translated into world terms, means economic understandings which will secure to every nation a healthy peacetime life for its inhabitants -- everywhere in the world.
The fourth is freedom from fear, which, translated into world terms, means a world-wide reduction of armaments to such a point and in such a thorough fashion that no nation will be in a position to commit an act of physical aggression against any neighbor -- anywhere in the world.
That is no vision of a distant millennium. It is a definite basis for a kind of world attainable in our own time and generation. That kind of world is the very antithesis of the so-called “new order” of tyranny which the dictators seek to create with the crash of a bomb.
To that new order we oppose the greater conception -- the moral order. A good society is able to face schemes of world domination and foreign revolutions alike without fear.
Since the beginning of our American history we have been engaged in change, in a perpetual, peaceful revolution, a revolution which goes on steadily, quietly, adjusting itself to changing conditions without the concentration camp or the quicklime in the ditch. The world order which we seek is the cooperation of free countries, working together in a friendly, civilized society.
This nation has placed its destiny in the hands and heads and hearts of its millions of free men and women, and its faith in freedom under the guidance of God. Freedom means the supremacy of human rights everywhere. Our support goes to those who struggle to gain those rights and keep them. Our strength is our unity of purpose.
To that high concept there can be no end save victory.
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即兴演讲,就是在特定的情境和主体的诱发下,自发或被要求立即进行的当众说话,是一种不凭借文稿来表情达意的口语交际活动。今天读文网小编给大家分享一些3分钟即兴演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
同学们好:
今天我向大家演讲的题目是“祖国在我心中”。
我国是一个历史悠久、历经沧桑的文明古国。我国虽然历史悠久,但是在大家的心中有一段忘不掉的经历。抗日战争、虎门销烟、九.一八、七.七事变多历历在目。但我国的历史也有光辉璀璨的一面。
是古人发明了汉字。很久以前,古人并不会写字、记事,有人想出了绳结记事法,但是太麻烦了。就有一位叫仓颉的人发明了甲骨文。
在我国的文化史上那些诗人、文学家是不可缺少的。文天祥的《过零丁洋》是千古绝句;孟郊的《游子吟》歌颂了伟大的母亲;李白的《静夜思》表达了他的思乡之情。还有那些著名的文学家。司马迁的《史记》被鲁迅称为‘史家绝唱,无韵之离骚’;孙武的《孙子兵法》是古典文化遗产中的瑰宝;孔子写的《礼记》是中国古代一部分重要的典章制度书籍。
我国还有美丽的大好河山。长城是我国古代人们的一个骄傲,长城全长6330公里,在太空上,用肉眼看是一目了然。珠穆朗玛峰高达8444.43千米;纳木错是世界上海拔最高的咸水湖,海拔高达4718米;雅鲁藏布大峡谷是世界上第一大峡谷,深6009米......
让我们把这悲惨的历史铭记在心中,去创造更美好的未来,让祖国更加富强!让我们行动起来吧!
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二胎政策是中国实行的一种和计划生育政策相对应的生育政策,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些关于生二胎的即兴演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
从世界范围来看,理想子女数减少是现代化社会普遍发生的一种趋势。西方学者运用不同的理论从多学科的视角来试图解释生育观念的变化,并分析影响理想子女数的因素。
以经济学家贝克尔为主提出的生育经济理论认为,随着收入的增加,家庭对孩子数量的需求增加,对孩子质量的需求也增加,人们愿意让孩子受到更好的抚养和教育。总的来说,家庭对孩子质量需求的增加要大于对孩子数量需求的增加,因此,收入和孩子数量之间总体上呈现负相关关系,即随着收入的增加,家庭对孩子数量的需求会减少。进一步的研究表明收入对理想子女数的影响存在性别差异,在控制教育程度后,妻子的收入对其理想子女数无显著影响。
现代化理论从社会和个体两个层面来探究现代化对生育意愿的影响,基本结论是理想子女数随现代化进程而减少,从个体层面来看,受教育年数越长、越重视自我发展,就越倾向于不生和少生。因为现代化社会孩子的直接和间接成本上升而效用降低,人们对其他消费品的偏好要超过对孩子的偏好,而教育程度的提高则使孩子对个体的吸引力降低,受过较多教育者更容易接受强调自我人生价值的现代化观念,容易找到其他价值目标替代孩子的价值。对女性来说更是如此,养育孩子的机会成本随着其教育程度的提高而增加,研究结果显示,妻子的教育程度比她的收入、家庭收入以及丈夫的教育水平对理想子女数有更强的影响。 •
生活经历分析关注的则是成长环境、家庭结构、婚姻状况和生育经历对理想子女数的影响。一些研究表明,父母的生育意愿和生育行为对子女的理想子女数有很强的正向影响,父母对子女生育数量的期待与子女的理想子女数也呈正相关,初婚年龄推迟会减少期望子女数,而现有子女数越多者理想子女数也越多。
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如今,许多国际场合都使用英语做为沟通媒介,今天读文网小编给大家分享一些英语短小经典演讲,希望对大家有所帮助。
Life is about choices
Ladies and Gentlemen,
I want to tell you something very important today.
I want to tell you that life is about choices.
You can choose to be miserable or you can choose to enjoy life.
You can choose to improve your health or you can choose to destroy it.
I hope you will make correct choices.
I hope you will choose to enjoy your family, enjoy your friends, enjoy your work, and enjoy your everyday life.
Life is a gift and we really should enjoy every minute of it.
Join the group of people who make good choices.
Enjoy your life!
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